高清PDF带书签《火力发电节能关键技术》 2020年版 文贤尴 等著

前 言
受能源禀赋影响，在未来相当长的一段时期内，煤电仍将在我国电源结构中占据主导地位。火力发电厂的安全、稳定和高效运行仍然是电力生产中需要研究解决的重要课题。
在节能方面，以往的专著多聚焦于经济运行、燃烧调整，视角较为单一。作者所在的贵州电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院紧扣节能减排的主题，组织跨企业、跨专业协作，开展了贵州火力发电节能关键技术与应用的技术攻关。历经 10余年的探索，以降低火力发电机组发电成本为目标，以火力发电生产工艺流程为导向，诊断电能生产过程中能源损失的分布，从锅炉侧、汽轮机侧、控制及管理等多个层面寻找节能降耗突破点，提出了火力发电节能关键技术。
本书提出的火力发电节能关键技术已经得到成功应用，在提高机组运行经济性、可靠性和安全性的同时，有效减少了包括 SOx、NOx、PM2.5等各类污染物的排放，取得了良好的经济效益、环保效益和社会效益。与国内外已出版的图书比较，本书视角全面、立意新颖，在国内外有一定的参考价值，特别是入炉煤质在线辨识技术和燃烧无烟煤 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧优化调整技术，在国内有相当大的借鉴作用。
本书共八章，第一章和第八章对本书涉及的火力发电节能关键技术及应用情况进行整体介绍，建立其内在联系，力图向读者呈现一个全景视角，由文贤馗主持撰写。第二章介绍火力发电机组入炉煤质在线辨识技术，由张锐锋、陈宇主持撰写。第三章介绍基于低挥发分煤燃烧特性的 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧系统改造与优化调整，由石践主持撰写。第四章介绍大容量高参数锅炉启动节能关键技术，由罗小鹏主持撰写。第五章介绍火力发电机组实时性能监测及优化指导技术，由钟晶亮、邓彤天主持撰写。第六章介绍基于节能发电调度的火力发电厂厂级自动发电控制技术，由张锐锋、何洪流主持撰写。第七章介绍电网侧远程在线监测煤耗指标准确性保障技术，由文贤馗主持撰写。
本书在撰写过程中，得到了相关高校、企业及诸多同仁的大力支持，在此一并表示感谢。
文贤馗
2020 年 8 月

内容索引：

目 录
序 ··································································································································· i
前言 ····························································································································· iii
第一章 概述 ·············································································································· 1
第一节 火力发电节能技术的意义 ······································································· 1
第二节 技术路线 ·································································································· 2
第二章 火力发电机组入炉煤质在线辨识技术 ························································ 7
第一节 概述 ·········································································································· 7
第二节 锅炉侧宏观质量/能量衡算模型 ······························································ 7
一、锅炉侧宏观能量衡算模型建模方法 ···························································· 8
二、锅炉侧宏观能量衡算模型验证 ································································· 11
第三节 锅炉侧机理建模及燃煤放热量估计 ······················································ 12
一、水冷壁吸热量估计模型 ············································································· 13
二、高温烟气能量衡算模型 ············································································· 16
三、燃煤放热量估计模型的计算结果与分析 ·················································· 19
第四节 入炉煤低位发热量估计模型 ································································· 20
第五节 支持并行调用的工质和烟气物性参数数据库 ······································ 24
一、工质物性参数数据库 ················································································· 24
二、烟气物性参数数据库 ················································································· 30
第六节 空预器漏风率实时监测模型 ································································· 30
一、空预器漏风率的实时监测——基于烟气含氧量测量的方法 ··················· 30
二、空预器漏风率的实时监测——基于空预器出、入口温度的方法 ··········· 32
第三章 基于低挥发分煤燃烧特性的 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧系统改造与优化调整 ···· 36
第一节 几种主流 W 型火焰锅炉的技术特点 ···················································· 36
一、FW 公司 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧技术特点 ····················································· 37
二、B&W 公司 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧技术特点 ················································· 38
三、MBEL 公司 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧技术特点 ················································ 39
第二节 W 型火焰锅炉存在的主要问题 ····························································· 40
一、燃尽性能差 ································································································ 40
二、燃烧稳定性差 ····························································································· 41

三、炉壁结渣 ···································································································· 41
四、氮氧化物排放量高 ····················································································· 41
第三节 技术路线与研究内容 ············································································· 42
第四节 低挥发分煤燃烧特性的实验室研究 ······················································ 42
一、高海拔条件下煤粉燃烧特性的热重试验研究及计算 ······························ 42
二、平面火焰携带流反应系统试验(煤粉的着火延迟试验) ··························· 46
三、金属丝网反应器试验(煤的着火温度测试试验) ······································ 47
第五节 低挥发分煤 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧数值模拟研究 ····································· 47
一、数学模型及计算方法 ················································································· 47
二、FW 公司 W 型火焰锅炉炉内燃烧过程的数值模拟 ·································· 54
三、B&W 公司 W 型火焰锅炉炉内燃烧过程的数值模拟 ······························ 57
四、缝隙式燃烧器 W 型火焰锅炉炉内燃烧过程的数值模拟及技术改造 ····· 59
第六节 W 型火焰锅炉稳燃、燃尽准则的建立 ················································· 63
第七节 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧系统改造及优化燃烧调整试验 ······························ 65
一、FW 公司 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧系统改造 ····················································· 66
二、MBEL 公司缝隙式燃烧器 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧系统改造 ························· 73
三、B&W 公司双调风旋流燃烧器 W 型火焰锅炉燃烧特性试验 ·················· 79
第四章 大容量高参数锅炉启动节能关键技术 ······················································ 86
第一节 分系统启动阶段 ····················································································· 86
一、超临界直流锅炉热力系统清洗技术优化 ·················································· 86
二、超临界直流锅炉吹管技术 ········································································· 93
第二节 整组启动阶段 ······················································································· 104
一、锅炉启动带负荷优化措施 ······································································· 104
二、机、炉协调配合的优化技术 ··································································· 112
第五章 火力发电机组实时性能监测及优化指导技术 ········································ 114
第一节 基础平台及网络构架 ··········································································· 114
第二节 热力学模型的建立及完善 ··································································· 118
第三节 基于流量平衡和热量平衡的数据调和技术 ········································ 119
第四节 虚拟传感器技术 ··················································································· 120
第五节 火力发电机组热力性能分析的期望值指标体系 ································ 121
第六节 影响因素分析 ······················································································· 123
第六章 基于节能发电调度的火力发电厂厂级自动发电控制技术 ····················· 125
第一节 厂级负荷优化分配系统功能确定与总体结构设计 ···························· 125
一、厂级负荷优化分配系统主要功能 ···························································· 125
二、厂级负荷优化分配系统总体结构 ···························································· 126
三、硬接线及数据通信并行数据采集 ···························································· 127

四、采集软件系统 ··························································································· 128
第二节 高精度发电机组性能计算方法 ··························································· 129
一、热力系统拓扑结构矩阵分析法 ······························································· 130
二、机组性能稳定判定条件 ··········································································· 133
第三节 多约束负荷分配算法 ··········································································· 134
一、问题描述 ·································································································· 134
二、优化算法 ·································································································· 134
第四节 参数在线修正技术 ··············································································· 135
第五节 多执行回路控制系统限幅方法 ··························································· 136
第七章 电网侧远程在线监测煤耗指标准确性保障技术 ···································· 139
第一节 立足解决的问题 ··················································································· 139
一、系统组成 ·································································································· 139
二、突出的问题 ······························································································ 141
第二节 煤耗在线监测系统计算模型确定 ························································ 142
第三节 检测煤耗在线监测系统监测准确性的测试方法 ································ 144
第四节 煤耗在线监测系统中异常数据的判定及替换系统 ···························· 145
第五节 确保煤耗在线监测系统公平、公正、公开运行的方法 ····················· 146
第六节 汽轮机阀门流量特性试验及管理曲线优化 ········································ 147
一、测试依据 ·································································································· 148
二、数据的补偿计算 ······················································································· 148
三、测试内容、测试条件及测试步骤和具体方法 ········································ 149
第八章 总结 ·········································································································· 152
参考文献 ·················································································································· 154

投稿会员：可爱莹