自动喷水灭火系统手册 第11版（包含完整版NFPA 13标准） Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook ELEVENTH EDITION.pdf

完整版、1072页，

Automatic Sprinkler
Systems Handbook
ELEVENTH EDITION
Edited by
James D. Lake
Senior Fire Protection Specialist
National Fire Protection Association
With the complete text of the 2010 edition of NFPA® 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
National Fire Protection Association®
Quincy, Massachusetts
Copyright © 2010
National Fire Protection Association®
One Batterymarch Park
Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471
All rights reserved.
Important Notices and Disclaimers: Publication of this handbook is for the purpose of circulating
information and opinion among those concerned for fire and electrical safety and related subjects. While
every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither the NFPA® nor the contributors to
this handbook guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connection with the
information and opinions contained in this handbook. The NFPA and the contributors shall in no event
be liable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special,
indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or
reliance upon this handbook.
This handbook is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the contributors to this
handbook are supplying information and opinion but are not attempting to render engineering or other
professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should
be sought.
NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), including the
NFPA Document that is the subject of this handbook, are made available for use subject to Important
Notices and Legal Disclaimers, which appear at the end of this handbook and can also be viewed at
www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.
Notice Concerning Code Interpretations: This eleventh edition of the Automatic Sprinkler Systems
Handbook is based on the 2010 edition of NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
All NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”) are developed in
accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of
volunteers drawn from a broad array of relevant interests. The handbook contains the complete text of
NFPA 13 and any applicable Formal Interpretations issued by the NFPA. This NFPA Document is
accompanied by explanatory commentary and other supplementary materials.
The commentary and supplementary materials in this handbook are not a part of the NFPA
Document and do not constitute Formal Interpretations of the NFPA (which can be obtained only
through requests processed by the responsible technical committees in accordance with the published
procedures of the NFPA). The commentary and supplementary materials, therefore, solely reflect the
personal opinions of the editor or other contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position
of the NFPA or its technical committees.
The following are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association®
National Fire Protection Association®
NFPA®
NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®
NFPA 72®
NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®
NFPA 5000®, Building Construction and Safety Code®
Fire Protection Handbook®
NFPA Journal®
NFPA No.: 13HB10
ISBN-10: 0-87765-856-0
ISBN-13: 978-0-87765-856-6
Library of Congress Card Control No.: 2009929017
Printed in the United States of America
10 11 12 13 5 4 3 2
Product Manager: Debra Rose
Developmental Editor: Khela Thorne
Project Editor: Irene Herlihy
Permissions Editor: Josiane Domenici
Copy Editor: Cara Grady
Project Coordinator: Michael Barresi, Jr.
Composition: Modern Graphics, Inc.
Art Coordinator: Cheryl Langway
Cover Designer: Greenwood Associates
Manufacturing Manager: Ellen Glisker
Printer: Courier/Westford
This handbook is dedicated to the previous editors of this handbook: Robert Hodnett, John
Bouchard, Robert Solomon, Milosh Puchovsky, Robert Solomon, and Christian Dubay.
Serving as the staff liaison for the Automatic Sprinkler Systems Committee brings with
it the considerable responsibility of editing this handbook. The job of editor comes on top of
the work with the technical committees in developing the standard. The technical commit￾tees act on hundreds of proposals and comments each cycle, some resulting in minor changes
and others in substantial revisions to the standard, both in structure and in substance. It is the
job of the editor, working with all of the contributing authors to develop commentary and ex￾hibits that explain and clarify the background and intent of revisions to the standard in a man￾ner that facilitates understanding by the reader. Each one of these men contributed their
creative and technical expertise and helped develop this handbook into the premier sprinkler
resource that it has become.
iv
Contents
Preface viii
Acknowledgments ix
About the Contributors x
About the Editors xii
PART ONE
NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of
Sprinkler Systems, 2010 Edition, with
Commentary 1
1 Administration 3
1.1 Scope 3
1.2 Purpose 4
1.3 Application 5
1.4 Retroactivity 6
1.5 Equivalency 7
1.6 New Technology 8
1.7 Units and Symbols 8
2 Referenced Publications 11
2.1 General 11
2.2 NFPA Publications 11
2.3 Other Publications 12
2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory
Sections 15
3 Definitions 17
3.1 General 17
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions 17
3.3 General Definitions 19
3.4 Sprinkler System Type Definitions 27
3.5 System Component Definitions 33
3.6 Sprinkler Definitions 35
3.7 Construction Definitions 46
3.8 Private Water Supply Piping Definitions 54
3.9 Storage Definitions 57
3.10 Marine Definitions 78
3.11 Hanging and Bracing Definitions 80
4 General Requirements 83
4.1 Level of Protection 83
4.2 Limited Area Systems 83
4.3 Owner’s Certificate 84
4.4 Additives 85
5 Classification of Occupancies and Commodities 87
5.1 Classification of Occupancies 87
5.2 Light Hazard Occupancies 88
5.3 Ordinary Hazard Occupancies 89
5.4 Extra Hazard Occupancies 95
5.5 Special Occupancy Hazards 96
5.6 Commodity Classification 97
6 System Components and Hardware 115
6.1 General 115
6.2 Sprinklers 119
6.3 Aboveground Pipe and Tube 132
6.4 Fittings 141
6.5 Joining of Pipe and Fittings 143
6.6 Hangers 152
6.7 Valves 152
6.8 Fire Department Connections 154
6.9 Waterflow Alarm Devices 156
7 System Requirements 161
7.1 Wet Pipe Systems 161
7.2 Dry Pipe Systems 164
7.3 Preaction Systems and Deluge Systems 177
7.4 Combined Dry Pipe and Preaction Systems for
Piers, Terminals, and Wharves 184
7.5 Multi-Cycle Systems 187
7.6 Antifreeze Systems 188
7.7 Automatic Sprinkler Systems with Non–Fire
Protection Connections 200
7.8 Outside Sprinklers for Protection Against
Exposure Fires (Exposure Protection Sprinkler
Systems) 203
7.9 Refrigerated Spaces 208
Contents v
Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook 2010
7.10 Commercial-Type Cooking Equipment and
Ventilation 215
8 Installation Requirements 221
8.1 Basic Requirements 221
8.2 System Protection Area Limitations 223
8.3 Use of Sprinklers 226
8.4 Application of Sprinkler Types 235
8.5 Position, Location, Spacing, and Use of
Sprinklers 242
8.6 Standard Pendent and Upright Spray
Sprinklers 254
8.7 Sidewall Standard Spray Sprinklers 280
8.8 Extended Coverage Upright and Pendent Spray
Sprinklers 289
8.9 Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray
Sprinklers 300
8.10 Residential Sprinklers 307
8.11 CMSA Sprinklers 317
8.12 Early Suppression Fast-Response
Sprinklers 324
8.13 In-Rack Sprinklers 330
8.14 Pilot Line Detectors 332
8.15 Special Situations 333
8.16 Piping Installation 360
8.17 System Attachments 383
9 Hanging, Bracing, and Restraint of System
Piping 403
9.1 Hangers 403
9.2 Installation of Pipe Hangers 421
9.3 Protection of Piping Against Damage Where
Subject to Earthquakes 432
10 Underground Piping 475
10.1 Piping Materials 475
10.2 Fittings 482
10.3 Joining of Pipe and Fittings 483
10.4 Depth of Cover 484
10.5 Protection Against Freezing 485
10.6 Protection Against Damage 486
10.7 Requirement for Laying Pipe 489
10.8 Joint Restraint 490
10.9 Backfilling 500
10.10 Testing and Acceptance 501
11 Design Approaches 509
11.1 General 509
11.2 Occupancy Hazard Fire Control
Approach 514
11.3 Special Design Approaches 525
12 General Requirements for Storage 529
12.1 General 529
12.2 Hose Connections 533
12.3 Adjacent Hazards or Design Methods 533
12.4 Wet Pipe Systems 535
12.5 Dry Pipe and Preaction Systems 535
12.6 Storage Applications 536
12.7 Discharge Considerations 541
12.8 Hose Demand 543
12.9 Restrictions 543
12.10 Room Design Method 545
12.11 High-Expansion Foam Systems 545
12.12 Protection of Idle Pallets 546
13 Miscellaneous Storage 553
13.1 Miscellaneous Storage Up to 12 ft (3.7 m) in
Height 553
13.2 Design Basis 553
13.3 In-Rack Sprinklers 557
14 Protection of Class I to Class IV Commodities That Are
Stored Palletized, Solid Piled, Bin Boxes, Shelf
Storage, or Back-to-Back Shelf Storage 559
14.1 General 559
14.2 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler
Protection Criteria for Palletized, Solid Piled,
Bin Box, Shelf Storage, or Back-to-Back Shelf
Storage of Class I Through Class IV
Commodities 561
14.3 CMSA Sprinklers for Palletized or Solid-Piled
Storage of Class I Through Class IV
Commodities 565
14.4 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR)
Sprinklers for Palletized or Solid-Piled Storage
of Class I Through Class IV
Commodities 569
14.5 Special Design for Palletized, Solid-Piled, Bin
Box, or Shelf Storage of Class I Through Class
IV Commodities 571
14.6 High-Expansion Foam — Reduction to Ceiling
Density 572
15 Protection of Plastic and Rubber Commodities That
Are Stored Palletized, Solid Piled, Bin Boxes, Shelf
Storage, or Back-to-Back Shelf Storage 573
15.1 General 573
15.2 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler
Protection Criteria for Palletized, Solid-Piled,
Bin Box, Shelf Storage, or Back-to-Back Shelf
Storage of Plastic and Rubber
Commodities 574
15.3 CMSA Sprinklers for Palletized or Solid-Piled
Storage of Plastic and Rubber
Commodities 583
15.4 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR)
Sprinklers for Palletized or Solid-Piled Storage
of Plastic and Rubber Commodities 585
15.5 High-Expansion Foam — Reduction to Ceiling
Density 590
16 Protection of Class I Through Class IV Commodities
That Are Stored on Racks 591
16.1 General 591
16.2 Protection Criteria for Rack Storage of Class I
Through Class IV Commodities Stored Up to
and Including 25 ft (7.6 m) in Height 603
16.3 Protection Criteria for Rack Storage of Class I
Through Class IV Commodities Stored Over 25
ft (7.6 m) in Height 626
17 Protection of Plastic and Rubber Commodities That
Are Stored on Racks 653
17.1 General 653
17.2 Protection Criteria for Rack Storage of Plastics
Commodities Stored Up to and Including 25 ft
(7.6 m) in Height 666
17.3 Protection Criteria for Rack Storage of Plastics
Commodities Stored Over 25 ft (7.6 m) in
Height 685
18 Protection of Rubber Tire Storage 703
18.1 General 703
18.2 Columns Within Rubber Tire Storage 705
18.3 Water Supplies 706
18.4 Ceiling Systems 706
18.5 In-Rack Sprinkler System Requirements for
Protection of Rubber Tires 711
18.6 Reduced Discharge Density 711
19 Protection of Roll Paper 713
19.1 Protection of Roll Paper Storage 713
20 Special Designs of Storage Protection 723
20.1 General 723
20.2 Plastic Motor Vehicle Components 723
20.3 Sprinkler Design Criteria for Storage and
Display of Class I Through Class IV
Commodities, Cartoned Nonexpanded Group A
Plastics and Nonexpanded Exposed Group A
Plastics in Retail Stores 724
20.4 Protection of Baled Cotton Storage 731
20.5 Sprinkler Protection of Carton Records Storage
with Catwalk Access 733
20.6 Compact Storage of Commodities Consisting of
Paper Files, Magazines, Books, and Similar
Documents in Folders and Miscellaneous
Supplies with No More Than 5 Percent Plastics
up to 8 ft (2.44 m) High 738
20.7 Protection of High Bay Records Storage 740
21 Special Occupancy Requirements 743
21.1 General 743
21.2 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 743
21.3 Aerosol Products 747
21.4 Spray Application Using Flammable or
Combustible Materials. 749
21.5 Solvent Extraction Plants 752
21.6 Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion
Engines and Gas Turbines 752
21.7 Nitrate Film 753
21.8 Laboratories Using Chemicals 756
21.9 Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding,
Cutting, and Allied Processes 758
21.10 Acetylene Cylinder Charging Plants 759
21.11 Storage, Use, and Handling of Compressed
Gases and Cryogenic Fluids in Portable and
Stationary Containers, Cylinders, and
Tanks 759
21.12 Utility LP-Gas Plants 760
21.13 Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied
Natural Gas (LNG) 760
21.14 Protection of Information Technology
Equipment 760
21.15 Standard on Incinerators, and Waste and Linen
Handling Systems and Equipment 761
21.16 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces 766
21.17 Class A Hyperbaric Chambers 767
21.18 Fixed Guideway Transit Systems 768
21.19 Motion Picture and Television Production
Studio Soundstages and Approved Production
Facilities 768
21.20 Animal Housing Facilities 769
21.21 Water Cooling Towers 769
21.22 Standard for the Construction and Fire
Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers, and
Wharves 780
21.23 Cleanrooms 782
21.24 Aircraft Hangars 784
21.25 Airport Terminal Buildings, Fueling Ramp
Drainage, and Loading Walkways 784
21.26 Aircraft Engine Test Facilities 784
21.27 Advanced Light Water Reactor Electric
Generating Plants 785
vi Contents
2010 Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook
Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook 2010
Contents vii
21.28 Light Water Nuclear Power Plants 789
21.29 Electric Generating Plants and High Voltage
Direct Current Converter Stations. [NFPA
850] 789
21.30 Hydroelectric Generating Plants. [NFPA
851] 792
21.31 Code for the Protection of Cultural Resource
Properties — Museums, Libraries, and Places
of Worship. [NFPA 909] 793
21.32 National Electrical Code 795
21.33 Fire Protection of Telecommunication
Facilities 795
21.34 Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors,
Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate
Solids 795
21.35 Class E Hypobaric Facilities 796
21.36 Coal Mines 797
21.37 Metal/Nonmetal Mining and Metal Mineral
Processing Facilities 798
22 Plans and Calculations 801
22.1 Working Plans 801
22.2 Water Supply Information 810
22.3 Hydraulic Calculation Forms 813
22.4 Hydraulic Calculation Procedures 830
22.5 Pipe Schedules 865
22.6 Deluge Systems 871
22.7 Exposure Protection Sprinkler Systems 872
22.8 In-Rack Sprinklers 873
22.9 Hose Allowance 874
23 Water Supplies 875
23.1 General 875
23.2 Types 880
24 Systems Acceptance 889
24.1 Approval of Sprinkler Systems and Private Fire
Service Mains 889
24.2 Acceptance Requirements 893
24.3 Circulating Closed Loop Systems 900
24.4 Instructions 900
24.5 Hydraulic Design Information Sign 901
24.6 General Information Sign 902
25 Marine Systems 905
25.1 General 905
25.2 System Components, Hardware, and Use 910
25.3 System Requirements 914
25.4 Installation Requirements 915
25.5 Design Approaches 919
25.6 Plans and Calculations 920
25.7 Water Supplies 920
25.8 System Acceptance 926
25.9 System Instructions and Maintenance 926
26 System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 929
26.1 General 929
26.2 Inactive Sprinkler Systems Abandoned in
Place 930
Annexes
A Explanatory Material 933
B Miscellaneous Topics 935
C Explanation of Test Data and Procedures for Rack
Storage 939
D Sprinkler System Information from the 2009 Edition
of the Life Safety Code 941
E Development of the Design Approach to Conform
with SEI/ASCE 7 949
F Informational References 955
PART TWO
Supplements 961
1 A Brief History of Sprinklers, Sprinkler Systems, and
the NFPA Sprinkler Standards 963
2 Fire Protection Research Foundation and its Research
Supporting Fire Sprinklers 979
3 U.S. Experience with Sprinklers and Other Automatic
Fire Extinguishing Equipment 987
4 An International Perspective on Automatic
Sprinklers 1021
5 Technical/Substantive Changes from the 2007 Edition
to the 2010 Edition of NFPA 13 1027
NFPA 13 Index 1054
Important Notices and Legal Disclaimers 1074
TIA 10-1 1075

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