InspectionPracticesforPressure Vessels APIRECOMMENDEDPRACTICE572 FIFTHEDITION NOVEMBER2023 AP! American Petroleum Institute
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Contents 1 Scope. 2 Normative References. .1 3 Terms Definitions Acronyms and Abbreviations. .1 3.1 Terms and Definitions.. 3.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations... .5 1 4 Introduction to Pressure Vessels. 6 4.1 Tower.. General. .6 4.2 Exchanger ..7 4.3 Air-cooled HeatExchangers... 11 4.4 13 4.5 Reactor.... 13 4.6 Sphere.. 13 4.7 Other Vessels. 14 5 Pressure Vessel Design and Construction.. 16 5.1 Design and Construction Standards. .16 5.2 Methods of Construction.. .16 5.3 Materials of Construction.. 17 6 Reasons for Inspection... 20 6.1 General. 6.2 Safety.. 20 6.3 Regulatory Requirements. Reliability.... 20 6.4 20 7.1 7 Inspection Plans. General. 21 21 7.2 ReviewingandUpdating Inspection Plans. Developing Inspection Plans... 22 7.3 24 7.4 Integrity Operating Windows.... 25 7.5 Newly Commissioned Vessel Inspection. 25 8 Genera.... Strategies for Establishing Frequency and Performing Inspection. 25 8.1 25 8.2 Fixed Interval... 26 8.3 Risk-Based Inspection.. 26 8.4 On-stream in Lieu of Internal Inspection. 26 8.5 Opportunities for Inspection... 27 9 Safety Precautions and Preparatory Work 28 9.1 Safety Precautions. Preparatory Work.... 28 9.2 31 9.3 Vessel Cleaning and Surface Preparation. 34 10 Inspection Methods and Limitations... 34 10.1 External Inspection General. 34 10.2 36 10.3 Internal Inspection.. 44 10.4 Metal Sample Extraction... Nondestructive Examination.. 57 10.5 61 11 Inspection Results. 61 11.1 Evaluation of Inspection Results. 61 11.2 Determination of Follow-up Actions. 62
11.3 Using Fitness-For-Service.. .62 12 Rerating and Repair 62 12.1 Rerating of Pressure Vessel.. 62 12.2 Repairing the Vessel Degradation.. 13 Pressure Test. 65 13.1 Purpose. Performinga Pressure Test.. 65 13.2 65 13.3 Safety Considerations.... 67 14 Records and Reports. 68 14.1 Records Reports.... 68 14.2 68 Annex A (informative) Exchangers ..70 Annex B (informative) Towers .88 Annex C (informative) Sample Record Forms. 140 Bibliography. 153 Figures 1 Example of a Process Tower... 8 2 Typical Trays in a Tower. .8 3 Random Packing in a Tower..... .9 4 Trays withDowners. ..9 5 Bubble Cap Flow Path... 10 6 Tower Stripping and Rectification Section. 11 7 Example of a Horizontal Heat Exchanger. Example of Vertical Heat Exchanger... .12 8 12 9 Spheres.. 14 10 Horton Spheroid (Noded). ..14 11 Weld Metal Surfacing.. Horizontal Vessel. 15 12 17 13 Strip-lined Vessel. 18 14 Principal Strip-lining Methods. 18 15 Hex Mesh Installation for Refractory Lining.. Reinforced Refractory... .19 16 19 17 Diagram of Suggested Scaffolding .. 30 18 Standing Oiland Water... 31 19 Trays Collapsed. 31 20 Method of Obtaining Vessel Profile Measurements 21 Exchanger Installation and Foundation... 40 22 Severe Deterioration of Anchor Bolts. 41 23 Corrosion in Channel. 46 24 Crack in Weld Seen by PT. 47 25 Hydrogen Blistering. .49 26 Self-vented Hydrogen Blisters.... 50 27 Radiograph of Self-vented Hydrogen Blisters in Carbon Steel.. 50 28 Catalytic Reactor Internals-Cyclones. 52 29 Corrosion Tab Method of Determining Metal Loss on Vessel Linings. 54 30 Strip-liner Damage .. ..54
API RP 572 2023石油和天然气工业产品供应组织的质量管理体系要求(英文版163页).pdf
