API RP 574-2024 管道系统组件的检验实践(英文版).pdf

InspectionPractices for Piping System Components APIRECOMMENDEDPRACTICE574 FIFTHEDITION FEBRUARY2024 American Petroleum Institute
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Contents 1 Scope.. 1 2 NormativeReferences 3 Terms Definitions Acronyms andAbbreviations .1 3.1 Terms and Definitions ..1 3.2 AcronymsandAbbreviations... 11 4 Introduction toPiping... 12 4.1 Piping Components. 12 4.2 Tubing... 4.3 Valves.. 14 4.4 Fittings.. 22 4.5 25 4.6 ExpansionJoints. 25 4.7 Piping Supports 26 4.8 Flexible Hoses. 27 5 PipingDesign and Construction. 27 5.1 Design and ConstructionStandards.. 27 5.2 Methodsof Construction... 28 5.3 Materials of Construction. .34 6 Reasons for Inspection.... 37 6.1 General.. 37 6.2 Process and Personnel Safety 37 6.3 RegulatoryRequirements. ..37 6.4 Reliable Operation .37 7 Inspection and Monitoring Planning. 38 7.1 Background. 38 7.2 Developing anInspectionPlan... ..38 7.3 Monitoring ProcessPiping. 44 7.4 InspectionGuidanceforLocation-specificDamage. 49 7.5 InspectionGuidanceforSpecificDamageMechanisms.. 67 7.6 Reviewing and Updating Inspection Plans (Future Content). .73 7.7 IOW.... 73 7.8 Inspection of NewFabrication.. .73 7.9 Newly Commissioned Piping Inspection (Future Content) ..74 8 Strategiesfor EstablishingFrequency of Inspection.. 74 8.1 Fixed Interval. .74 8.2 RBI.. 74 8.3 OpportunitiesforInspection(Future Content) ..75 8.4 On-stream Inspection.. 75 8.5 Offline Inspection. .76 8.6 Inspection Scope. .76 9 SafetyPrecautions andPreparatory Work. 76 9.1 Safety Precautions.. 76 9.2 Communication.. .77 9.3 Preparatory Work. 77 9.4 Cleaning andSurface PreparationforInspection(Future Content). 9.5 Investigation of ActiveLeaks. ..79 10 Inspection Types Methods and Limitations. 79 10.1 ExternalVisual Inspection... ..9 10.2 InternalVisual Inspection 86 Copyrigt Ametican Perleum lnsile No reprodiction or newoking pemtted wlhout fcense with API
10.3 SpecificAreas or ComponentsforInspection... 88 10.4 Thickness Measurements 93 10.5 Determination of Minimum RequiredThickness. 101 10.6 Other Inspection Methods/Techniques... 105 10.7 Nonmetallic Piping.. .106 11 Inspection Results. 107 11.1 Evaluationof InspectionResults ..107 11.2 Determinationof Follow-upActions.... .109 11.3 Using Fitness-For-Service. ...109 12 Rerating and Repair. ...110 12.1 Rerating of Piping System. 110 12.2 RepairingPipe Damage... ...111 13 Pressure Tests. 113 13.1 Purpose of Testing.. 113 13.2 Types of PressureTests(Future Content) 113 13.3 PerformingPressureTests. 113 13.4 PressureTesting Considerations（Future Content). 115 13.5 Pressure Test Safety Considerations. 115 14 Records and Reports.. 115 14.1 General. 115 14.2 Records. .116 14.3 Reports(Future Content). .118 Annex A(informative)External Inspection Checklist for Process Piping. ...119 Annex B(informative)Tables of Pipe Schedules. ... 120 AnnexC(informative) Statistical Analysis of Circuit Thickness Data ..127 Bibliography. Figures 1 CrossSection of aTypical WedgeGateValve... ..16 2 CrossSection ofaTypicalGlobeValve. 17 3 CrossSectionsof Typical Lubricated andNonlubricatedPlugValves ..18 4 CrossSectionof aTypicalBal Valve.... 19 5 CrossSectionofaTypicalDiaphragmValve.. 6 TypicalButt.er.lyValve. 20 7 CrossSectionsof Typical CheckValves.. 21 8 CrossSectionof aTypical SlideValve..... 23 9 Flanged-endFittingsandWroughtSteelButt-weldedFittings. 24 10 ForgedSteelThreaded andSocket-weldedFittings. 25 11 CrossSection of aSocket-welded Tee Connection.. 29 12 FlangeFacingsCommonly UsedinRefinery andChemicalPlantPiping. 30 13 Typesof.lange.... 14 CrossSectionof aTypical Bell-and-SpigotJoint.. 31 15 CrossSectionsof TypicalPackedandSleeveJoints.. 32 16 CrossSectionsof Typical Tubing Joints. 33 17 Erosion of Piping.. 40 18 Corrosionof Piping.. 41 19 Internal Corrosion ofPiping. 41 20 SevereAtmosphericCorrosionofPiping. 42 21 Piping Circuit Example... 48 22 SAI Corrosion. 54 23 Underground Piping Corrosion beneathPoorly AppliedTape Wrap. 58 Copyrigt Ametican Perleum nsile No reprodiclion or networking permlted wlhout icense eith API