This internatie al standard was developed in 2 with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Designation:F606/F606M-24 StandardTestMethodsfor DeterminingtheMechanicalPropertiesofExternallyand InternallyThreadedFasteners Washers DirectTension Indicators andRivets1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation F606/F606M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or in th case of revision the year of last revision. A number in paretheses indicates the year of last reaproval. A superscript psilon (e) indicates an cditorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approed for use by agencies of the U.S. Deparment of Defense. 1.Scope* Product Hardness Test for Embritlement of Metalic-Coated Extemally Threadd 6.1 1.1 These test methods cover establishment of procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization Fasteners 8 cxternally and intermally threaded fasteners washers direct 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units tension indicators and rivets. are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 1.2Property requirements and the applicable tests for their each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore to determination are specified in individual product standards. In ensure conformance with the standard each system shall be those instances where the testing requirements are unique or at used independently of the other and values from the two variance with these standard procedures the product standard systems shall not be bined. shall specify the controlling testing requirements. In the absenceof any specifiedtestrequirements) these testmethods Nore 1The values are stated in inch-pound for inch fasteners and SI metric units for metric fasteners. shall apply. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for deter- safety concerns.if any.associated with its use.lt is the mining the following properties: responsibiliry of theuser of this standard to establishappro- Section priate safety health and environmentalpractices and deter For Extemally Threarded Fasteners: mine the applicability ofregulatory limitations priorto use. Product Hardness Proof Load 3.1 3.2.1 1.6 Thisinternational standard was developed in accor- Method 1 Length Measurement 3.2.3 dancewithinternationally recognized principles onstandard- Method 2. Yield Strength 3.2.4 ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Method 3.Unifom Hardness 3.2.5 Axial Tension Testing of Ful-Size Product Development of International Standards Guides andRe- 3.4 3.5 mendationsissued by theWorldTradeOrganizationTechnical Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens 3.6 Barriers to Trade(TBT) Committee. Total Extension at Fracture Test 3.7 For Intemally Threaded Fasteners: Single Sheer Test 3.8 2.Referenced Documents Product Hardness 4.1 4 2.1ASTM Standards：2 Proof Load Test 4.2 Cone Proof Load Test 4.3 A394 Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts Zinc-Coated and Bare Product Hardness-General Requirements 5.1 E4Practices forForce Calibration andVerification of Test- Through Hardened Washers 5.2 Carburized Washers 5.3 ing Machines Stainless Steel and Nonferous Washers 5.4 ES/E8MTest Methods forTension Testing ofMetallicMa- Direct Tension Indicators 5.5 Compression Load 5.6 terials For Rivets: E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma- terials These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commitee F16 on Fasteners and are the direct responsibility of Submittee F16.01 on Test Methods. 2For referenced ASTM standards visit the ASTM website .astm.org or Current edition approved Nov. 1 2024. Published November 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at .astm.org/contact. For Anmual Book of approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as F606/F606M 21. ASTM Standarnds volume information refer to the standard’s Document Summary DOI: 10.1520/F0606_F0606M-24. page on the ASTM website. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard 1
F606/F606M-24 E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten- Vickcrs tests or Test Method E384 for Microhardnes tests. someter Systems The method used is at the option of the manufacturer with E92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hard- regards to the size and grade of the products. ness of Metallic Materials 3.1.1 Routine Test Locations-For testing the hardness of E384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Mate- the finished product the following test locations can be used: rials 3.1.1.1 For hex and square head bolts; test shall be con- F436/F436MSpecification forHardenedSteel Washers Inch ducted on the wrench flats top of head unthreaded shank end and Metric Dimensions of bolt or at the arbitration location. F959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direet 3.1.1.2 For studs products without parallel wrench flats and Tension Indicators for Use With Structural Fasteners for head styles other than hex and square; tests shall be (Metric)F0959_F0959M conducted on the unthreaded shank end of the bolt or stud or F1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em- at the arbitration location. brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental Step 3.1.1.3 Stress relieved products (3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2) are Loading Technique F2328Test Method for Determining Deearburization and measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section. Refertotheproductpecificationforparticulartest lcationor Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel use the arbitration location. Bolts Srews tuds and Nuts 3.1.1.4 The Rockwell Hardness Scale may be used for all F2328MTest Method for Determining Decarburization and product diameters; however the Brinell hardness is limited to Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel products over 11/2-in. or M36. Bolts Screws Studs and Nuts (Metric) 3.1.2Laboratory Inspection-Aminimum of three readings 2.2Military Standard: shall be taken on cach sample of finished product. MIL STD 1312. Test 13 and Test 20 3.1.3 Arbitration Test Location-For purposes of arbitration 3.Test Methods for Externally Threaded Fasteners between the purchaser and seller over reported test results hardness tests shall be conducted at the mid-radius (r/2) of a 3.1 Product HardnessTests shall be conducted after the transverse section through the threads taken at a distance of removal of any surface oxide decarburization plating or other approximately one diameter from thc point end of the bolt or coating. All readings shall be within the hardness values listed one end of the stud. Four readings shall be taken from the point in the product specification. The average of all readings on the end of the bolt or one end of the stud. Four readings shall be same part shall be considered as the product hardness. Test taken approximately 90° to one another on the same plane if results shall conform to the product specification for the lot product size permits. Smaller diameter products may also use represented by the test specimens to be considered conforming. the opposite paralll surface area of the bolt head end as Test specimen preparation and hardness tests shall be con- sectioned above (sce Fig. 1). The use of Brinell hardness for ducted in accordance with Test Methods E18 for Rockwell arbitration testing is limited to product sizes greater than tests Test Method E10 for Brinell tests Test Method E92 for 21/4-in. or M60. 3.2 Tension Tests-It is preferred that bolts and studs be testedfullzeandit isustmarywhn o tstingsy ^ DLA Document Services Building 4/D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia PA 19111-5094 htp/quickscarch.dla.mi/ a minimum ultimate load (or stress) in pounds-force (or For small screws alternative surface 1D hardness readings Primary surface for R= Radius x=R/2 FIG. 1 Hardness Arbitration Test Location 2
F606/F606M-24 pounds-force per square inch.) for inch fasteners and or load in fasteners and 3.0 mm/min for metric fasteners as determined newtons-force or megapascals MPa for metric fasteners.Sec with a free-running cross head axially load the fastener to the tions 3.2 3.5 apply when testing externally threaded fasteners proof load value specified in the product specification. This full size.Section 3.6 shall apply where the individual product load shall be maintained for a period of 10 s before releasing specifications permit the use of machined specimens (see Test the load.Replace the fastener between the measuring anvils Methods E8/E8M). and rotate at least 360 degrces as before. The fastener shall be 3.2.1 Proof LoadThe proof-load test consists of stressing stopped at the position where the lowest value is indicated. The the product with a specified load that the product must measurement shallshow no permanent elongation.A tolerance withstand without measurable permanent set. Alternative tests of ±0.0005 in. for inch fasteners and ± 0.013 mm for metric for determining the ability of a fastener to pass the proof-load fasteners shall be allowed (for measurement error only) be- test are the yield strength test and the uniform hardness test. twcen the measurement made before loading and that made Either Method 1 (3.2.3) Method 2 (3.2.4) or Method 3 (3.2.5) after loading. Variables such as straightness thread alignment may be used but Method 1 shallbe the arbitration method in or measurement error could result in apparent elongation of the case of any dispute as to acceptance of the product (see Test product when the specified proof load is initially applied. In Methods E8/E8M). such cases the product may be retested using a 3 % greater 3.2.2 In both Methods 1 and 2 assemble the product in the load and shall be considered acceptable if there is no differ- fixture of the tension testing machine so that six plete ence in the length measurement after this loading within a threads (except for heavy hex structural bolts which shall be 0.0005 in. for inch fasteners and ± 0.013 mm for metric based on four threads) are exposed between the grips. This is fasteners measurement tolerance as outlined. obtained by freely running the nut or fixture to the thread 3.2.4 Method 2 Yield Strength-Assemble the product in iss n pe s jo o the testing equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied full turns. For continuous thread bolts at least six full threads measure and record the total elongation of the product or any shall be exposed between the fixture ends; however for referee part of it that includes the exposed threads to produce a purposes six full threads shall be exposed. load-elongation diagram. Determine the load or stress at an 3.2.3 Method 1 Length MeasurementTo ensure consistent offset equal to 0.2 % of the length of bolt occupied by six full and repetitive length measurements of the fastener the threads as shown in Fig. 2 (except for heavy hex structural threaded end and top of the bolt head shall have conical bolts which shall be based on four threads) by the method depressions made at the approximate axis orcenter line of the described in 3.6.3.1. fastener. In the event of a dispute over test results the test shall 3.2.4.1 Method 2A Yield Strength for Austenitic Stainless be conducted after the removal of all manufacturer or grade Steel and Non-ferrous Materials-Assemble the product in the markings surface oxide decarburization plating other testing equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied coating or a bination thereof to achieve a clean flat measure and record the total elongation of the product in order surface and the conical depressions shall be created using a to produce a load elongation diagram. Determine the load or lathe or some type of centering fixture. All debris shall be stress at an offset equal to 0.2 % strain based on the length of removed from the conical depressions before measuring the the bolt between the holders as shown in Fig. 2.which will be part.When fasteners are too long to test in the available subject to elongation under load by using the method described cquipment the fastener may be cut to 8 inches ± 0.125 for inch in 3.6.3.1. fasteners or a length of 200 mm ± 3.0 mm for metric fasteners 3.2.5 Method 3.Uniform Hardness-The fasteners shall be and tested using Method 1. If there is a dispute over results tested for hardness as described in 3.1 and in addition the when testing the same part or lot of parts both full size and cut fastener the cut fastener results shall be used to determine hardness shall also be determined in the core. The difference between the mid-radius and core hardness shall be not more acceptance. The measuring instrument shall have pointed anvils which mate with the center line depressions and be than 3 points on a Rockwell C Scale; and both readings must be within product specification. This test is valid for fasteners capable of measuring changes in length of 0.0001 in. for inch fasteners and 0.0025 mm for metric fasteners. The instrument up to and including 1 in. for inch fasteners and M24 diameter accuracy shall be within 0.0001 in. in any 0.001 in. range for for metric fasteners. 3.3 Bolts or Studs Too Short for Tension TestingProduct mm range for metric parts. Place the fastener between the lengths less than those shown in Table 1 for product /4 through measuring anvils. The fastener shall be rotated at least 360 4 in. for inch fasteners and M5 through M20 for metric degrees to assure sound seating. At the position where the fasteners in diameter and less than three diameters in length for lowest value is indicated the instrument shall be zeroed or the product above in. and M20 in diameter or that do not have indicated measurement shall be recorded. If using a bolt suficient thrcads for proper engagement and still leave the extensometer the bolt with attached extensometer may be specified number of plete threads exposed between the assembled into the tension testing machine. If not mark the grips shall be deemed too short for tension testing and fastener so it may be placed as close as possible to the same acceptance shall be based on a hardness test performed in position for the second reading. Remove and assemble the accordance with 3.1. If tests other than product hardness are fastener into the tension testing machine as outlined in 3.4. required their requirements should be referenced in the prod- With a test speed which shall not exceed 0.12 in./min for inch uct specification. When differences in tensile testing lengths
F606/F606M-24 less than the minimum tensile load specified in the product Nore 2 Fasteners that have been manufactured/in-stock or on order specification for its size strength and thread series. In prior to the approval of Test Methods F606/F606M16 that utilized the additionlessthwisespcifiedtheensilerature hl same fastener for both yield strength and wedge tensile testing are occur in the free threaded length. Fracture in the head or at the acceptable and may be supplied/used as-is without additional testing until junction of the head and shank is prohibited at any load existing stock has been depleted. Fasteners that are placed on order and manufactured after the issuance of Test Methods F606/F606M16 that are including those above the minimum requirements. yield strength and wedge tensile tested shall follow the revised require- 3.4.4.1 For externally threaded fasteners if the unthreaded ment in 3.5.1. shank diameter is reduced to be equal to or less than the basic 3.5.1.1 For externally threaded fasteners if the unthreaded thread pitch diameter the fracture shall occur in the free shank diameter is reduced to be cqual to or less than the basic threaded length or in the unthreaded shank. thread pitch diameter the fracture shall occur in the free 3.4.4.2 For screws threaded to the head fracture that causes threaded length or in the unthreaded shank. failure may extend or spread into the transition section between 3.5.1.2 For screws threaded to the head fracture that causes the head and the thread or into the head before separation failuremay extend orspread into the transition sectionbetween provided that it originates in the free threaded length. the head and the thread or into the head before separation 3.4.4.3 For fasteners made of non hardened steel (that is not provided that it originates in the free threaded length. quench and tempered) or austenitic stainless steel the fracture 3.5.1.3 For fasteners made of non hardened steel (that is not shall occur in the free threaded length or in the unthreaded quench and tempered) or austenitic stainless steel the fracture shank. shall occur in the free threaded length or in the unthreaded 3.4.4.4 For fasteners made of austenitic stainless steel if the shank. test fastener's thread pulls out of the internally threaded test 3.5.1.4 For fasteners made of austenitic stainless steel if the fixture above the minimum specified tensile load the fastener test fastener’s thread pulls out of the internally threaded test shall be considered conforming to the tensile strength require fixture above the minimum specified tensile load the fastener ment. shall be considered conforming to the wedge tensile strength 3.5 Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size ProductThe wedge requirement. tensile strength of a hex or square-head fastener socket-head Nort 3Fracture at the junction of the head and shank is prohibited at cap screw (with the exception of socket button or flat counter- any load including those above the minimum requirements. sunk head products) or stud is the tensile load that the product 3.5.2 Wedge Tension Testing of StrudsWhcn both wedge is capable of sustaining when stressed with a wedge under the tension and proof load testing are required by the product head.The purpose of this test is to obtain the tensile strength specifications assemble one end of the same stud previously and demonstrate the “head quality” and ductility of the used for proof load testing in a threaded fixture to the thread product. runout. For studs having unlike threads this shall be the cnd 3.5.1 Wedge Tension Testing of BoltsDetermine the ulti- with the finer pitch thread or with the larger minor diameter. mate load of the bolt as described in3.4 except place a wedge Assemble the other end of the stud in a threaded wedge to the under the bolt head. When both wedge tension and proof load runout and then unscrew six full turns thus leaving six testing are required by the product specification the bolts that plete threads exposed between the grips as illustrated in have been the proof load-tested in accordance with Method 1 Fig.4.For continuous thread studsat least six plete (3.2.3) or Method 3 (3.2.5) may be used for wedge testing. threads shall be exposed between the fixture ends. The angle of Fasteners that have been yield strength tested utilizing either thewedge forthestud size andgradeor propertyclass shallbe Method 2 (3.2.4) or Method 2A (3.2.4.1) shall not be reused for as specified in Table 3 and Table 4. Assemble the stud in the wedge testing. The wedge shall have a minimum hardness of testing machine and tension test to fracture as described in 3.4. 45 HRC. Additionally the wedge shall have a minimum The minimum hardness of the threaded wedge shall be 45 thickness of one half the nominal bolt diameter (measured at HRC. The length of the threaded section of the wedge shall be the thin side of the hole see Fig. 3). The wedge shall have an equal to at least the diameter of the stud. To facilitate removal included angle as shown in Table3 and Table4 for the product of the broken stud the threaded wedge may be counterbored on type being tested. The hole in the wedge shall have a clearance the faces as shown in Fig. 4. The thickness of the wedge at the over the nominal size of the bolt and its top and bottom edges thin side of the hole shall equal the diameter of the stud plus the shall be rounded as specified in Table 5and Table 6. The depth of counterbore. The thread in the wedge shall have Class minimum outside dimension of the wedge shall be such that 3Btolerances forinchparts anda5H tolerance formetric pats during the test no corner loading of the product head (adjacent except when testing studs having an interference fit thread in to the wedge) shall occur (see head orientation in Fig. 3). The which case the wedge shall be threaded to provide a finger- bolt shall be tension tested to fracture.Tomeet therequire- tight fith sporingxtureshowinFig4halla ments of this test the bolt shall support a load prior to fracture a hole clearance over the nominal size of the stud and shall not less than the minimum tensile load specified in the product have its top and bottom edges rounded or chamfered to the specification for its size strength and thread series. In same limits specified for the hardened wedge washersinTable addition unless otherwise specified the tensile fracture shall 5 and Table 6. To meet the requirements of this test the stud occur in the free thread length. Fracture in the head or at the shall support aload prior to fracture not less than theminimum junction of the head and shank is prohibited at any load tensile strength specified in the product specification for its including those above the minimum requirements. size gradeand tread riesWen tnsile testing xtally
F606/F606M-24 D DC D = diameter of bolt or screw c = clearance of hole R = radius or chamfer T = reference thickness of wedge at thin side of hole equals one halfdiameter of bolt or ( os） e om = M screw FIG.3 Wedge Test Details-Bolts TABLE 3 Tension Test Wedge Angles for Inch Bolts and Screws TABLE 4 Tension Test Wedge Angles for Metric Bolts and Screws NoTe 1For use with hardened and tempered steel and alloy steel NorE 1For use with hardened and tempered steel and alloy steel standard products. For non-ferous and special products see the related standard products. For non-ferrous and special products see the related product specification. Unless otherwise specified Table 3 shall apply. product specification. Nominal Product Size in. Degrees Nominal Product Size mm. Degrees Bolts^ Studs and Bolts^ Studs and Flange Bolls Flange Bolts 4-1 10 6 M5M24 10 6 Over 1 Over M24 6 4 Heat-treated boltsthat arethreded one ciameterrclserto theunderside of Heat-treated boltsthatarethreaded one diameterrclsertotheunderside of thehead shalluse a wedge angle of 6 forsizes % through % in. and 4° for sizes thehead shaluseaedeangle f6for sizesM5 throughM20nd4 forsies over % in. over M20. threaded fasteners made of austenitic stainless steel and the test fastener’s thread pulls out of the internally threaded test fixture 6
ASTM F606 F606M-24 测定外螺纹和内螺纹紧固件、垫圈、直接张力指示器和铆钉机械性能的标准试验方法(英文版).pdf
