英文版 NFPA防火防爆工程原理手册 Handbook-of-Fire-and-Explosion-Protection-Engineering.pdf

Introduction 1.1 Fire ,Explosions ,and Environmental Pollution Fire ,explosions and environmental pollution are the most serious " unpredict- able "issues affecting life and business losses in the hydrocarbon and chemical industries today .The issues have existed since the inception of industrial-scale petroleum and chemical operations during the middle of the last century .They continue to occur with ever-increasing financial impacts and highly visible news reports .Management involvement in the prevention of these incidents is vital if they are to avoided .Although from some perspectives ," accidents"are thought of as non-preventable ,in fact all accidents ,or more correctly " incidents",are preventable . Research and historical analyses have shown that main cause of incidents or fail - ures can be categorized into the four following basic areas : Ignorance ,for example : Assumption of responsibility by management without an adequate understanding of risks : Supervision or maintenance occurs by personnel without the necessary understanding : Inplete design ,construction or inspection occurs ; There is a lack of sufficient preliminary information ; Failure to employ i...