Acid rain: the precipitation of dilute solutions of strong mineral acids 酸雨：成分为强矿物酸稀释液的降雨.
所含矿物酸由大气中各种 formed by the mixing in the atmosphere of various industrial pollutants (primarily sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) with naturally 水蒸气混合形成.
occurring oxygen and water vapor. Adapted plants: nonnative introduced plants that reliably grow well in 可适应性植物：此类非本地植物在根茎系统建立后，对于冬季防 a given habitat with minimal winter protection pest control 护、害虫防治、施肥或灌溉的要求较低，且在给定的生活环境下 fertilization or irrigation once their root systems are established. 生长良好.
可适应性植物被认为是维护需求低且不具入侵性的植 Adapted plants are considered low maintenance and not invasive. 物.
Adaptive reuse: designing and building a structure in a way that makes 适应性再利用：设计和建造一种使建筑物改变其原有用途，以适 it suitable for a future use different than its original use. This avoids 应其未来之使用功能，避免由于使用新材料对环境造成影响.
the use of environmental impact of using new materials. Air quality standard: the level of a pollutant prescribed by regulations 空气质量标准：法规规定的对于指定区域在给定时间范围内不可 that are not to be exceeded during a given time in a defined area 超出的污染物水平（美国环保局EPA）.
(EPA). Albedo: the reflectivity of a surface measured from 0 (black) to 1 Albedo：物体表面对光线的反射率，范围介于0（黑色）至1（白 (white). 色）之间.
Ambient temperature: the temperature of the surrounding air or 环境温度：周围空气或其它介质的温度（美国环保局EPA）.
other medium (EPA). Alternative fuel vehicle: a vehicle that uses low-polluting nongasoline 替代燃料汽车：使用低污染非汽油燃料（如电力、氢气、丙烷或 fuels such as electricity hydrogen propane or pressed natural 压缩天然气、液化天然气、甲醇及乙醇）的汽车.
在LEED体系 gas liquid natural gas methanol and ethanol. In LEED efficient gas- 中，此类别还包括高效气电混合动力汽车.
electric hybrid vehicles are included in this group. ASHRAE: American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air- ASHRAE：美国采暖、制冷与空调工程师学会.
Conditioning Engineers. Bake-out: a process used to remove volatile organic pounds 烘干：入住以前，在配套齐全且通风良好的建筑的室内通过提高 (VOCs) from a building by elevating the temperature in the fully 温度来去除建筑内挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的过程.
furnished and ventilated building prior to human occupancy.
Baseline versus design or actual use: the amount of water that the 基准线与设计或实际使用的对比：与基准线案例相比，设计案例 design case or actual usage (for existing building projects) conserves 或实际使用（针对现有建筑项目）所节省的水量.
节水得分 over the baseline case. All Water Efficiency credits use a baseline case 点均将基准线案例与设施的设计案例或实际用途进行比较.
基准 against which the facility's design case or actual use is pared. The 线案例代表了1992年能源政策法案（EPAct1992）规定的流速和冲 baseline case represents the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992) 洗速度，设计案例为设施的预计用水量.
flow and flush rates and the design case is the water anticipated to be used in the facility. Biodegradable: capable of deposing under natural conditions 可生物降解：在自然条件下可分解（美国环保局EPA）.
(EPA). Biodiversity: the variety of life in all forms levels and binations 生物多样性：生物在形式、层次及组合上的多样性，包括生态系 统多样性、物种多样性及遗传多样性.
Biomass: plant material from trees grasses or crops that can be 生物质：可转换为热能以用于产生电能的树木、草类或作物植物 converted to heat energy to produce electricity. 体.
Bioswale: a stormwater control feature that uses a bination of an 生态草沟：一种结合了人工建造的盆地、土壤及植被的雨水控制 engineered basin soils and vegetation to slow and detain stormwater 设施，用以减缓和保留雨水，增加地下水补给并减少高峰雨水径 流.
Blackwater: wastewater from toilets and urinals; definitions vary and 污水：马桶与小便池废水：定义视情况有所差异.
根据某些州或 wastewater from kitchen sinks (perhaps differentiated by the use of a 地方法规，厨房水槽（或可根据垃圾处理进行区分）、淋浴或浴 garbage disposal) showers or bathtubs is considered blackwater 缸废水被视为黑水.
under some state or local codes. British thermal unit (Btu): the amount of heat required to raise the 英制热量单位（Btu）：将一磅液态水由60F加热至61F所需的热 temperature of one pound of liquid water from 60* to 61° Fahrenheit. 量.
这种能量度量标准用于说明燃料所含的能量以及比较能量使 This standard measure of energy is used to describe the energy 用.
content of fuels and pare energy use. Brownfield: previously used or developed land that may be 褐地：经使用或开发过的、可能被危险废弃物或污染物污染的土 contaminated with hazardous waste or pollution. Once any 地.
一旦任何环境损害得以修复，该土地即可重新投入使用.
褐 environmental damage has been remediated the land can be reused. 地的再开发提供了恢复退化城市土地的重要机遇，同时可促进填 Redevelopment on brownfields provides an important opportunity to 充式开发并减少无计划扩张.
restore degraded urban land while promoting infill and reducing 2
sprawl. Buildingmissioning:a systematicinvestigation paringbuilding建筑调试：将建筑性能与性能目标、设计细节及业主要求进行比 performance with performance goals design specifications and the 较的系统性调查.
owner's requirements. Building density: the floor area of the building divided by the total 建筑容积率：总建筑面积除以基地总面积（平方英尺/英亩）.
area of the site (square feet per acre). Building envelope: the exterior surface of a building-the walls 建筑外围护结构：建筑外表面一一外墙、窗户、屋顶与楼面：也 windows roof and floor; also referred to as the building shell. 称之为建筑外壳.
Building footprint: the area on a project site that is used by the 建筑占地：建筑结构在项目基地上占用的面积，根据建筑平面图 building structure defined by the perimeter of the building plan. 的周长确定.
建筑占地不包括停车场、景观和其它非建筑设施.
Parking lots landscapes and other nonbuilding facilities are not included in the building footprint. Builtenvironment:aman-madeenvironment thatprovidesa structure建筑环境：为人类活动提供建筑构筑物的人造环境.
for human activity. 副产品：在工业过程中生成的，或由生命系统分解产物而产生的 consequence of an industrial process or as a breakdown product in a 除主产品以外的材料（美国环保局）.
living system (EPA). Carbon dioxide concentration: an indicator of ventilation effectiveness 二氧化碳浓度：建筑内通风效率的指标：一般情况下，若室内C02 inside buildings; CO2 concentrations greater than 530 parts per million 浓度高于户外条件下的百万分之530（ppm），则被视为通风不 (ppm) above outdoor conditions generally indicate inadequate 足.
若绝对浓度高于800~1000ppm，则一般情况下被视为呼吸空气 ventilation. Absolute concentrations of greater than 800 to 1 000 ppm 质量较差.
通风不足时，CO2会在空间内累积.
generally indicate poor air quality for breathing. CO2 builds up in a space when there is not enough ventilation. Carbon footprint: a measure of greenhouse gas emissions associated 碳足迹：对与某一活动相关的温室气体排放量的度量.
全面的碳 with an activity. A prehensive carbon footprint includes building 足迹包括建筑施工、运营、能源消耗、与建筑相关的交通，以及 水、固态废弃物与建筑材料的蕴藏能量.
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and the embodied energy of water solid waste and construction materials. Carbon neutrality: emitting no more carbon emissions than can either 碳中和：除可隔离或可抵消的碳排放以外，不再有其它碳排放.
be sequester or offset. Charrette: intense workshops designed to produce a specific 专家研讨会：旨在取得特定交付成果的集中研讨会.
deliverables. Chiller: a device that removes heat from a liquid typically as part of a 冷水机组：去除液体热量的设备.
通常为建筑制冷及除湿用制冷 refrigeration system used to cool and dehumidify buildings. 系统的一部分.
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): an organic chemical pound known to 氯氟化碳（CFC）：一种已知的具备臭氧消耗潜能的有机化合物.
have ozone-depleting potential. pe sea e sauexa e sasas e asas pasm 封闭系统：一种与周围环境交换最少量材料及元素的系统：各系 elements with its surroundings; systems are linked with one another to 统之间彼此相连，以充分利用副产品.
make the best use of byproducts. Commissioning (Cx): the process of verifying and documenting that a 调试（Cx）：检验与记录一栋建筑及其系统与组件如何在规 building and all of its systems and assemblies are planned designed 划、设计、安装、测试、操作及维护上满足业主项目要求的过 installed tested operated and maintained to meet the owner's 程.
project requirements. Commissioning plan: a document that outlines the organization 调试计划：简要说明调试过程组织、进度计划、资源分配及文件 schedule allocation of resources and documentation requirements of 要求的文件.
the missioning process. Commissioning report: a document that details the missioning 调试报告：详细说明调试过程，包括调试计划概述、调试团队识 process including a missioning program overview identification of 别及调试过程活动描述的文件.
the missioning team and description of the missioning process activities.
munity connectivity: the amount of connection between a site 社区关联性：建筑场地与周边社区之间的关联程度.
通过场地与 and the surrounding munity measured by proximity of the site to 住宅、学校、公园、商店、餐厅、医疗设施以及其它公益与便利 homes schools parks stores restaurants medical facilities and other 设施的距离进行衡量.
关联性的好处包括使更多场地使用者满 services and amenities. Connectivity benefits include more satisfied 意，以及减少与使用公益设施相关的出行量.
site users and a reduction in travel associated with reaching services. Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL): a smallfluorescent lamp used as a 紧凑型荧光灯（CFL）：小型荧光灯，作为更高效的白炽灯照明替 more efficient alternative to incandescent lighting; also called a PL 代灯具：也称之为光致发光、双管或双轴灯（美国环保局）.
twin-tube or biax lamp (EPA). Construction and demolition: debris waste and recyclables generated 建造与拆除：从建造以及对已有结构的翻新、拆除或全面拆毁的 from construction and from the renovation demolition or 过程中产生的废弃杂物和可回收材料，不包括场地清理的杂物， deconstruction of preexisting structures. It does not include land- 如土壤、植被与岩石.
clearing debris such as soil vegetation and rocks. Construction waste management plan:aplan that diverts 建筑废弃物管理计划：通过再循环、回收及再利用来避免建筑废 construction debris from landfils through recycling salvaging and 料被垃圾填埋的计划.
reusing. Contaminant: an unwanted airborne element that may reduce indoor 污染物：可降低室内空气质量的有害空气成分（ASHRAE标准62.1- air quality (ASHRAE Standard 62.12007). 2007).
Controllability of systems: the percentage of occupants who have 系统可控性：可直接控制所在空间内温度、气流与照明的建筑用 direct control over temperature airflow and lighting in their spaces. 户百分比.
Cooling tower: a structure that uses water to absorb heat from air- 冷却塔：使用水来吸收空调系统产生的热量并调节设施内气温的 conditioning systems and regulate air temperature in a facility. 结构体.
Cradle to cradle: an approach in which all things are applied to a new 从摇篮到摇篮：将事物在使用寿命结束时投入新用途的处理 use at the end of a useful life. 方式.
Cradle to grave: a linear set of processes that lead to the ultimate 从摇篮到坟墓：材料从被开始使用到使用寿命结束而被最终丢弃 disposal of materials at the end of a useful life. 的线性过程.
