MOVE 中科华跃 ENERGY FOUNDATION 能源基金会 中国光储直柔建筑战略 发展路径研究 子课题七： 中国光储直柔建筑发展的关键政策机制研究 Key Policy and Mechanism Research on China's PEDFBuilding SystemDevelopment 中科华跃能源互联网研究院 2022年7月 ZKHYEnergy InternetResearch Institute Co. Ltd. July 2022
关于作者： 薛志峰林慧冯逸夫章永洁，邮箱：xuezhifeng@ ABOUTTHEAUTHORS: Xue Zhifeng Lin Hui Feng Yifu Zhang Yongjie 邮和: xuezhifeng @ 致谢 本研究由中科华跃能源互联网研究院统筹撰写，由能源基金会提供资金支持.
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摘要 《，》 机制研究部分.
如何有效地衔接现有政策机制，同时甄别现有政策当中与光储直 柔今后规模化发展存在的“错配、空隙、失当”等问题，提出与投融资模式、商 业模式和产业化发展路径相匹配的政策建议，是推动光储直柔产业发展的重要工 作.
益数据、采用的商业模式进行了跟踪分析，在此基础上和示范项目的利益相关者 进行了深度访谈，提炼出示范工程开展过程中遇到的共性问题和障碍，形成了调 研问卷，对100位行业参与者进行了线上调查，由此，梳理形成了发展光储直柔 的困难障碍、待突破和完善的政策机制问题.
当前行业共识，难度高的四项障碍依次为：缺少可以参照执行的规范、直流 电器产业链远未成熟、用户看不到明显实效认可度低、储能安全问题.
待突破和 完善的政策期待可以归类为：通过市场的手段利用好“价格激励机制”、通过计 划的手段利用好“政府约束机制”、赋能科技之手扶持带商业模式的技术示范.
审，审，甲，， 求叠加，成为农村能源产业当期面临的复杂问题，“光储直柔”技术面临巨大的 严业发展机通.
农村“光储直柔”系统建议采用“只出不进、寓电于农”的创新模式，“只 出不进”是指以整村来看，全年的用电都由村内光伏发电满足，多余电量还能够 对应农村地区光储直柔“只出不进、寓电于农”的商业模式，我们针对性地 提出三项关键政策机制建议.
一是建议以村为单位，将全部农户屋顶、院子周边、 农业设施、林地荒地具备铺设光伏的资源统一规划，采用光储直柔方式，分期分 批统一建设.
二是加快分布式发电交易平台建设，使得投资安装光伏的农户可以 “隔墙售电”.
三是赋能科技与金融融合之手，加速支持一批带商业模式的整村
建设光储直柔能源系统的试点.
城市与农村不同，分布式光伏发电、储能、电动车充电桩、负荷柔性调节带 来的能量型（kWh）经济收益，在当前的工商业能源价格体系下，已具备商业投 资价值.
相比于传统的交流型光伏建筑，光储直柔的由于“直”和“柔”两个环 节导致配电网的造价大约要提高40%一50%，但是与之对应的经济收益都是功率 型（kip）的，且存在或有性风险，在当前以能量型（kWh）为主的电价体系下， 很难收回投资，这是制约光储直柔建筑技术市场化应用的瓶颈问题.
城市“光储直柔”系统的商业模式，需要跳出光储直柔各环节组合得越多经 济性越差的困局，采用“区域尺度聚合、建筑X协同”的商业模式，“区域尺度 聚合”是指要跳出单体建筑在围绕建筑本体追求能耗降低的单一模式，重点发展 各类园区、校园、社区等成片区的建筑群的光储直柔能源系统.
“建筑X协同” 是指围绕建筑的用能管理体系，把屋顶及周边区域（景观、公共绿地）的光伏资 源开发、储能安全管理、电动车充电桩报装、能源数据采集等光储直柔各环节涉 及的工作纳入到现有工作体系，形成能源微网整体参与电力交易和碳交易.
对应城市地区光储直柔“区域尺度聚合、建筑X协同”的商业模式，我们 针对性地提出三项关键政策机制建议.
一是将光储直柔建筑作为市场主体，纳入 碳交易市场，新制定与功率型（kWp）调节能力相对应的碳定价机制.
二是将建 筑周边的电动车充电桩作为建筑能源系统的组成部分，统一规划、统一建设.
三 是支持一批园区、校园、社区等集成性、综合性载体，建设光储直柔能源系统， 以点带面，多领域多层次推动“零碳”发展.
对应上述商业模式，加大技术研发投入、明确传达价值作用、赋能行业专业 力量、政府引导试点示范是光储直柔建筑规模化发展的四项保障措施.
ExecutiveSummary Research of “Photovoltaic Energy-storage Direct current Flexibility’(PEDF) building in China is an international cooperation research project including: definition of PEDF system relevant design standards key technology and equipment research demonstration project planning and implementation interview for stakeholders media and promotion. This topic is the 7th sub-topic the policy mechanism part of the project researching on the key policy mechanism of the development of PEDF in China. It is an important task to promote the development of the PEDF industry to effectively connect with the existing policy mechanism and to identify the “mismatch gap and inappropriate” problems in the existing policies with the large-scale development of PEDF in the future and to put forward policy suggestions matching with the investment and financing mode business mode and industrialization development path. Project team organized the costs expenses and benefits and other related data of the five PEDF buildings demonstration projects in China. Problems encountered in the course of carrying forward and to break through the bottleneck by interviews with stakeholders and encountered in the process of refining after identify demonstration project to carry out the mon obstacles. Through an online survey of 100 PEDF industry participants difficulties in developing PEDF policy mechanisms to be broken through and improved have been sorted out and formed. The four obstacles of high difficulty are the lack of standards that can be referred to and implemented the industrial chain of DC appliances is far from mature user's low recognition because of no obvious effect and warrying about energy storage safety. The policy expectation for breakthrough and improvement can be classified as making good use of “price incentive mechanism" through market means making good use of "government restraint mechanism" through planning means and enabling the hand of science and technology to support technology demonstration with business model.
