Chinas-Electrification-Pathways-Findings-from-the-China-Energy-Outlook-2022.pdf

November2022 China'sElectrification Pathways: Findingsfrom theChinaEnergy Outlook 2022 Hongyou Lu Nina Khanna Wei Feng Jing Ke David Fridley and Nan Zhou Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ENERGY FOUNDATION 能源基金会
November2022 China'sElectrification Pathways: Findings from the China Energy Outlook2022 Hongyou Lu Nina Khanna Wei Feng Jing Ke David Fridley anc Nan Zhou Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ENERGYFOUNDATION 能源基金会
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COPYRIGHTNOTICE This manuscript has been authored by authors at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-ACO2-05CH11231 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher by accepting the article for publication acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive paid-up irrevocable world- widle license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript or allow others to do so for U.S. Government purposes. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the Hewlett Foundlation the Energy Foundation China and the ClimateWorks Foundation under Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Contract No. DE- ACO2-05CH11231 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We would like to thank Lynn Price of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Ella Zhou of China for their helpful ments on earlier versions of this report. NAME: Dr. Nan Zhou E-mail:NZhou@
TABLEOFCONTENTS LIST OFFIGURES LIST OFACRONYMS. 1. Introduction... 2. Recent ElectrificationTrends. 4 3. Modeling Approach. 7 4. Key Findings. 9 5. Transport Sector Electrification Strategies and Challenges.. .11 5.1 Transport Electrification Status. .11 5.2 Transport Electrification Strategies. .15 5.3 Heavy-duty Road Freight Electrification Challenges. 18 5.4 Aviation Electrification Challenges.. .18 5.5 Shipping Electrification Challenges. .19 5.6 Key Milestones for Electrification of the Transport Sector 19 5.7 Energy Use and CO Emissions of an Electrified Transport Sector. .20 6. Buildings Sector Electrification Strategies and Challenges.. ..2.2 6.1 Buildings Electrification Status... .22 6.2 Buildings Electrification Strategies. .23 6.3 Selection of Electrification Technologies. .24 6.4 Electrification Challenges in Buildings. .25 6.5 5Key Milestones for Electrification of the Buildings Sector .27 1