ENERGY FOUNDATION 能源基金会 基于2C温控目标的 中国工业园区低碳发展战略研究 DecarbonizationStrategiesofChina'sIndustrial Parkstowardsthe2°CGlobalWarmingTarget 清华大学环境学院 2020年11月 School ofEnvironment TsinghuaUniversity Nov 2020
报告作者 项目负责人 陈吕军 项目研究人员 陈吕军 田金平 郭扬 胡琬秋 吕一 严 坤 卢琬莹 赵佳玲 三、 报告执笔人 陈吕军 田金平郭扬 胡琬秋吕一静 致谢 诚挚地感谢能源基金会对本项目的大力支持与资金资助,感谢领 域内专家与业界同事为本项目提出的宝贵建议.
报告声明 本报告由能源基金会资助.
报告内容不代表能源基金会观点.
报 告仅限于研究、学习或内部传阅,不得或用于商业目的.
如有不 妥或谬误之处,敬请读者不吝批评指正.
摘要 标,并为1.5°C温控目标而努力.
中国政府承诺二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前 达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和.
在工业部门应对气候变化和推进绿 色转型的背景下,数量庞大的工业园区已成为实现精准碳减排的关键靶点.
本报 告识别了中国工业园区低碳发展面临的挑战与机遇,建立了中国工业园区碳排放 清单,揭示了园区排放特征.
面向2035和2050年定量分析了中国工业园区碳减 排目标、主要低碳发展路径和碳减排贡献.
进而,构建了基于地理信息系统的园 区基础设施数据库,识别了以基础设施为核心的园区碳减排关键技术措施,并构 建综合评价模型量化了园区减排潜力、经济成本和协同环境效益,为园区低碳发 展提供清晰有力的决策支撑.
研究显示,2015年中国工业园区二氧化碳排放总量约为28.2亿吨,占全国 总排放量的31%.
2015-2035年及2035-2050年期间,全国工业园区有望分别减 排至少28%和51%.
在园区高、低两种经济增速情景下,通过产业结构调整、能 效提升、能源结构优化、碳捕集等低碳路径可实现显著的减排效果:2015-2050 年预期可减排18.4亿吨二氧化碳,即有望实现60%以上的减排幅度.
工业园区 中普遍建设的热电联产等能源基础设施对园区碳排放具有长期锁定效应,平均贡 献了园区排放的75%.
基于基础设施特征,针对性地实施低碳技术改造,园区能 源基础设施可实现显著的碳减排潜力和经济环境协同效益.
运用产业共生理念, 推动工业园区能源基础设施和集中式污水处理厂建立“能一水"共生体系,可进一 步挖掘园区深度减排潜力.
为推进工业园区在国家碳达峰与碳中和战略中发挥更大的作用,实现中长期 低碳发展目标,本报告建议开发系统、规范、标准的工业园区温室气体排放核算 方法与工具包,搭建工业园区碳减排决策支撑数据平台,制定工业园区低碳发展 分类指导路线图,并开展碳达峰示范试点园区建设.
Abstract 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and endeavoring to achieve 1.5 °C global warming. Chinese government pledged to strive to peak carbon emission by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Industrial parks have been being critical trouble- shooters in achieving targeted carbon emission reductions in China for climate goals. This report identified challenges and opportunities underlying low-carbon transition of China's industrial parks uncovered carbon emission characteristics of the parks and quantified low-carbon targets pathways and carbon reduction potentials of the parks toward 2035 and 2050. Further a geodatabase of infrastructure in the parks was developed followed by identifying key technical decarbonization measures centered on infrastructure. An integrated assessment model was developed to quantify carbon mitigation potentials economic costs and environmental co-benefits in the parks. In 2015 CO2 emissions from China's industrial parks totaled about 2.82 gigaton China’s industrial parks are expected to reduce CO emissions by at least 28% and 51% respectively. In high- and low- industrial growth scenarios for the parks total CO2 emission reduction potential was quantified as 1.84 gigaton during 2015-2050 (dropped by more than 60%) via industrial structure optimization energy efficiency improvement energy structure decarbonization and carbon capture utilization and storage. Further energy infrastructure such as bined heat and power is widely deployed in industrial parks which has a long service lifetime to lock in carbon emissions and averagely contributes to 75% of the parks’ emissions. By implementing low-carbon options tailored for each facility remarkable carbon reduction potentials could be achieved acpanied with economic and environmental co-benefits. Then based on the concept of industrial symbiosis symbiotic systems linking energy infrastructure with wastewater treatment plants in industrial parks are promising for deep decarbonization targets. To peak and neutralize carbon emissions in China's industrial parks policy implications were derived as: 1) Developing systematic and standardized carbon emission accounting framework and protocols for industrial parks; 2) Establishing online database for decision making in decarbonizing industrial parks; 3) Formulating customized roadmaps for various categories of industrial parks; and 4) Facilitating demonstrated pilots for industrial parks in peaking carbon emissions.
目录 1.中国工业园区低碳发展现状与挑战 1.1园区发展迈入“不惑之年”,低碳转型破局“中年危机”. 1.1.1工业领域低碳发展对于缓解气候变化意义重大. 1.1.2中国工业园区经40余载发展对全国工业产值贡献过半.. 1.2园区碳排放“家底不清”,减排路径不明.. 1.2.1“十三五"时期工业绿色发展规划首次显现园区碳达峰雄心. ....3 1.2.2十八大以来中央政府出台系列政策加快园区绿色转型和创新发展....4 1.2.3园区温室气体排放核算方法不统一,排放现状与特征尚不清晰...5 2.中国工业园区能源消费结构和碳排放特征 ..6 2.1工业园区能耗清单构建与温室气体核算方法... ...6 2.1.1园区能耗清单构建是温室气体核算的基础. ...6 2.1.2园区小尺度高强度活动水平及多系统边界特征导致碳核算尤为复杂.7 2.1.3碳达峰下园区尺度宜基于生命周期视角并重点核算能源相关排放....8 2.2国家级工业园区能源消费结构与碳排放特征.. ...11 2.2.1园区能源消费结构中煤炭占比高于全国平均水平. ..1 2.2.2基于生命周期视角充分认识园区直接和间接温室气体排放特征...13 2.2.3园区能源基础设施温室气体排放在园区直接排放中贡献显著... 2.3工业园区二氧化碳排放总体贡献占全国碳排放三成.. ..18 3.中国工业园区低碳发展路径 .19 3.12C目标下2015-2050年工业园区二氧化碳需减排65%.. ...19 3.2四大减排路径推动工业园区深度低碳化, ...19 3.2.1园区减排情景及潜力量化方法 ...19 3.2.2园区2015-2050年二氧化碳减排65%目标下四大路径之作为. ...22 4.以基础设施为核心的中国工业园区低碳措施 ..25 4.1工业园区现行低碳政策措施分析与关键技术... ..26 4.1.1园区低碳措施的精确性、普适性和量化评价待提升 .26 4.1.2能源基础设施提效及低碳化是园区温室气体减排的核心途径...27 4.1.3园区园区能源基础设施温室气体减排五大共性技术.. .... 4.2工业园区能源基础设施存量特征与环境影响.. ...5 4.2.1园区能源基础的结构特征呈“大少小多"特征. ...35 4.2.2园区能源基础设施对煤的依赖度高于全国水平... ...36 4.2.3园区能源基础设施存量技术结构以凝气机组为主.. ...36 4.2.4园区能源基础设施空间分布及演化特征.. ...38 4.2.5园区温室气体、二氧化硫和氮氧化物排放及淡水消耗的整体判断..39 4.3工业园区能源基础设施碳减排的环境与经济协同效应显著 ..42 4.3.1五项减排措施与园区在役能源基础设施的适配... ...42